nermai: List of Rulers in Islamic World

Caliphs and Wazirs	Seljuqs and Atabegs
Egypt	Asia Minor and Turkey
Arabian Peninsula	Mongols
Iraq and Syria (before the Seljuqs)	Iran (after the Mongols)
Caucasus (before the Seljuqs)	Transoxiana and Afghanistan
Iran (before the Seljuqs)



Dynasty	Ruler	Muslim dates A.H.	Christian dates A.D.

Rashidun		11–40	632–61
	Abu Bakr	11–13	632–34
	^cUmar ibn al-Khattab	13–23	634–44
	^cUthman ibn ^cAffan	23–35	644–56
	^cAli ibn Abi-Talib	35–40	656–61

Umayyad		41–132	661–750
	Mu^cawiya I	41–60	661–80
	Yazid I	60–64	680–83
	Mu^cawiya II	64	683–84
	Marwan I	64–65	684–85
	^cAbd al-Malik	65–86	685–705
	al-Walid I	86–96	705–15
	Sulayman	96–99	715–17
	^cUmar II	99–101	717–20
	Yazid II	101–5	720–24
	Hisham	105–25	724–43
	al-Walid II	125–26	743–44
	Yazid III	126	744
	Ibrahim	126	744
	Marwan II	127–32	744–50

^cAbbasid—Iraq		132–656	750–1258
	al-Saffah	132–36	749–54
	al-Mansur	136–58	754–75
	al-Mahdi	158–69	775–85
	al-Hadi	169–70	785–86
	Harun al-Rashid	170–93	786–809
	al-Amin	193–98	809–13
	al-Ma'mun	198–218	813–33
	al-Mu^ctasim	218–27	833–42
	al-Wathiq	227–32	842–47
	al-Mutawakkil	232–47	847–61
	al-Muntasir	247–48	861–62
	al-Musta^cin	248–52	862–66
	al-Mu^ctazz	252–55	866–69
	al-Muhtadi	255–56	869–70
	al-Mu^ctamid	256–79	870–92
	al-Mu^ctadid	279–89	892–902
	al-Muktafi	289–95	902–8
	al-Muqtadir	295–320	908–32
	al-Qahir	320–22	932–34
	al-Radi	322–29	934–40
	al-Muttaqi	329–333	940–44
	al-Mustakfi	333–34	944–46
	al-Muti^c	334–63	946–74
	al-Ta'i^c	363–81	974–91
	al-Qadir	381–422	991–1031
	al-Qa'im	422–67	1031–75
	al-Muqtadi	467–87	1075–94
	al-Mustazhir	487–512	1094–1118
	al-Mustarshid	512–29	1118–35
	al-Rashid	529–30	1135–36
	al-Muqtafi	530–55	1136–60
	al-Mustanjid	555–66	1160–70
	al-Mustadi'	566–75	1170–80
	al-Nasir	575–622	1180–1225
	al-Zahir	622–23	1225–26
	al-Mustansir	623–40	1226–42
	al-Musta^csim	640–56	1242–58

Barmakid		ca. 165–221	ca. 781–835
	Barmak
	Khalid	d. 165	d. 781
	Yahya	d. 190	d. 805
	Ja^cfar	d. 187	d. 803
	al-Fadl	d. 193	d. 808
	Musa	d. 221	d. 835
	^cImran	?	?

^cAbbasid—Egypt		659–923	1261–1517
	al-Mustansir	659	1261
	al-Hakim I	660–701	1261–1302
	al-Mustakfi I	701–40	1302–40
	al-Wathiq I	740–41	1340–41
	al-Hakim II	741–53	1341–52
	al-Mu^ctadid I	753–63	1352–62
	al-Mutawakkil I (1st reign)	763–79	1362–77
	al-Mu^ctasim (1st reign)	779	1377
	al-Mutawakkil I (2nd reign)	779–85	1377–83
	al-Wathiq II	785–88	1383–85
	al-Mu^ctasim (2nd reign)	788–91	1385–89
	al-Mutawakkil I (3rd reign)	791–808	1389–1406
	al-Musta^cin	808–16	1406–14
	al-Mu^ctadid II	816–45	1414–41
	al-Mustakfi II	845–55	1441–51
	al-Qa'im	855–59	1451–55
	al-Mustanjid	859–84	1455–79
	al-Mutawakkil II	884–903	1479–97
	al-Mustamsik (1st reign)	903–14	1497–1508
	al-Mutawakkil III (1st reign)	914–22	1508–16
	al-Mustamsik (2nd reign)	922–23	1516–17
	al-Mutawakkil III (3rd reign)	923	1517

Selected early Shi^ci		35–ca. 264	656–ca. 878
	^cAli	d. 40	d. 661
	Hasan	d. ca. 49	d. ca. 669
	Husayn	d. 61	d. 680
	^cAli Zayn al-^cAbidin	d. 94	d. 712
	Muhammad al-Baqir	d. 113	d. 731
	Ja^cfar al-Sadiq	d. 148	d. 765
	Musa al-Kazim	d. 183	d. 799
	^cAli al-Rida	d. 203	d. 818
	Muhammad al-Jawad	d. 220	d. 835
	^cAli al-Hadi	d. 254	d. 868
	Hasan al-^cAskari	d. 260	d. 874
	Muhammad al-Mantazar	d. ca. 264	d. ca. 878





Dynasty	Ruler	Muslim dates A.H.	Christian dates A.D.

Tulunid		254–92	868–905
	Ahmad ibn Tulun	254–70	868–84
	Khumarawayh	270–82	884–96
	Jaysh	282–83	896
	Harun	283–92	896–905
	Shayban	292	905

Ikhshidid		323–58	935–69
	Muhammad ibn Tughj	323–34	935–46
	Unujur	334–49	946–60
	^cAli	349–55	960–66
	Kafur	355–57	966–68
	Ahmad	357–58	968–69

Fatimid		297–567	909–1171
	^cUbaydullah al-Mahdi	297–322	909–34
	al-Qa'im	322–34	934–46
	al-Mansur	334–41	946–53
	al-Mu^cizz	341–65	953–75
	al-^cAziz	365–86	975–96
	al-Hakim	386–411	996–1021
	al-Zahir	411–27	1021–36
	al-Mustansir	427–87	1036–94
	al-Musta^cli	487–95	1094–1101
	al-Amir	495–524	1101–30
	Interregnum	524–25	1130–31
	al-Hafiz	525–44	1131–49
	al-Zafir	544–49	1149–54
	al-Fa'iz	549–55	1154–60
	al-^cAdid	555–67	1160–71

Ayyubid—Egypt		564–650	1169–1252
	Salah al-Din (Saladin)	564–89	1169–93
	al-^cAziz	589–95	1193–98
	al-Mansur	595–96	1198–1200
	al-^cAdil I	596–615	1200–1218
	al-Kamil	615–35	1218–38
	al-^cAdil II	635–37	1238–40
	al-Salih Ayyub	637–47	1240–49
	Turan Shah	647–48	1249–50
	al-Ashraf II	648–50	1250–52

Ayyubid—Damascus		582–658	1186–1260
	al-Afdal	582–92	1186–96
	al-^cAdil I	592–615	1196–1218
	al-Mu^cazzam	615–24	1218–27
	al-Nasir Salah al-Din Da'ud	624–26	1227–29
	al-Ashraf	626–34	1229–37
	al-Salih Isma^cil (1st reign)	634–35	1237–38
	al-Kamil	635	1238
	al-^cAdil II	635–36	1238–39
	al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub (1st reign)	636–37	1239
	al-Salih Isma^cil (2nd reign)	637–43	1239–45
	al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub (2nd reign)	643–47	1245–49
	al-Mu^cazzam Turan Shah	647–48	1249–50
	al-Nasir Salah al-Din II	648–58	1250–60

Ayyubid—Aleppo		579–658	1183–1260
	al-^cAdil I	579–82	1183–86
	al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din	582–613	1186–1216
	al-^cAziz Ghiyath al-Din	613–34	1216–37
	al-Nasir Salah al-Din II	634–58	1237–60

Ayyubid—Mayyafariqin, Sinjar		581–658	1185–1260

Ayyubid—Ba^clbakk		568–658	1172–1260

Ayyubid—Hama		574–732	1178–1332

Ayyubid—Hims		574–661	1178–1272

Ayyubid—Yemen		569–626	1174–1229
	al-Mu^cazzam Shams al-Din Turan Shah	569–77	1174–1181
	al-^cAziz Zahir al-Din Tughtigin	577–93	1181–97
	Mu^cizz al-Din Isma^cil	593–98	1197–1202
	al-Nasir Ayyub	598–611	1202–14
	al-Muzaffar Sulayman	611–12	1214–15
	al-Mas^cud Salah al-Din	612–26	1215–29

Ayyubid—Hisn Kayfa and Amid		629–9th century	1232–15th century

Mamluk—Bahri		648–792	1250–1390
	Shajar al-Durr	648	1250
	Aybak	648–55	1250–57
	^cAli	655–57	1257–59
	Qutuz	657–58	1259–60
	Baybars I	658–76	1260–77
	Baraka Khan	676–78	1277–80
	Salamish	678	1280
	Qala'un	678–89	1280–90
	Khalil	689–93	1290–94
	al-Nasir Muhammad (1st reign)	693–94	1294–95
	Kitbugha	694–96	1295–97
	Lajin	696–98	1297–99
	al-Nasir Muhammad (2nd reign)	698–708	1299–1309
	Baybars II	708–9	1309
	al-Nasir Muhammad (3rd reign)	709–41	1309–40
	Abu Bakr	741–42	1340–41
	Kujuk	742–43	1341–42
	Ahmad	743	1342
	Isma^cil	743–46	1342–45
	Sha^cban I	746–47	1345–46
	Hajji I	747–48	1346–47
	al-Nasir al-Hasan (1st reign)	748–52	1347–51
	Salih	752–55	1351–54
	al-Nasir al-Hasan (2nd reign)	755–62	1354–61
	al-Mansur Muhammad	762–64	1361–63
	Sha^cban II	764–78	1363–76
	al-Mansur ^cAli	778–83	1376–82
	al-Salih Hajji II	783–84	1382
	[Barquq	784–91	1382–89]
	Hajji II (2nd reign)	791	1389

Mamluk—Circassian (Burji)		784–922	1382–1517
	Barquq (1st reign)	784–91	1382–89
	[Hajji I	791–92	1389–90]
	Barquq (2nd reign)	792–801	1390–99
	Faraj (1st reign)	801–8	1399–1405
	al-Mansur ^cAbd al-^cAziz	808	1405
	Faraj (2nd reign)	808–15	1405–12
	al-^cAdil al-Musta^cin	815	1412
	al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh	815–24	1412–21
	al-Muzaffar Ahmad	824	1421
	Tatar	824	1421
	al-Salih Muhammad	824–25	1421–22
	Barsbay	825–41	1422–37
	Yusuf	841–42	1437–38
	al-Zahir Jaqmaq	842–57	1438–53
	^cUthman	857	1453
	Inal	857–65	1453–61
	al-Mu'ayyad Ahmad	865	1461
	Khushqadam	865–72	1461–67
	Bilbay	872	1467–68
	Timurbugha	872	1468
	al-Ashraf Qayitbay	872–901	1468–96
	al-Nasir Muhammad	901–3	1496–98
	Qansuh	903–5	1498–1500
	Janbalat	905–6	1500–1501
	al-^cAdil Tuman Bay	906	1501
	Qansuh al-Ghawri	906–22	1501–17
	al-Ashraf Tuman Bay	922	1517

Muhammad ^cAli		1220–1372	1805–1953
	Muhammad ^cAli	1220–64	1805–48
	Ibrahim	1264	1848
	^cAbbas I	1264–70	1848–54
	Sa^cid	1270–80	1854–63
	Isma^cil	1280–96	1863–79
	Tawfiq	1296–1390	1879–92
	^cAbbas II Hilmi	1309–33	1892–1914
	Husayn Kamil	1333–35	1914–17
	Ahmad Fu'ad I	1335–55	1917–36
	Faruq	1355–71	1936–52
	Fu'ad II	1371–72	1952–53





Dynasty	Ruler	Muslim dates A.H.	Christian dates A.D.

Ziyadid		204–409	819–1018

Ya^cfurid		247–387	861–997

Qaramita		281–5th century	894–11th century

Zuray'id		476–569	1083–1173

Najahid		412–551	1021–1156

Mahdid		554–569	1159–1173

Sulayhid (Yemen)		439–532	1047–1138
	^cAli ibn Muhammad	439–59	1047–67
	al-Mukarram Ahmad	459–77	1067–84
	al-Mukarram ^cAli	477–84	1084–91
	al-Mansur Saba'	484–92	1091–99
	al-Sayyida Arwa	492–532	1099–1138

Hamdanid (San^ca')		492–569	1098–1173

Ayyubid: see above under Egypt, Ayyubid—Yemen

Rasulid (Yemen)		626–858	1229–1454
	al-Mansur ^cUmar I	626–47	1229–50
	al-Muzaffar Yusuf I	647–94	1250–95
	al-Ashraf ^cUmar II	694–96	1295–96
	al-Mu'ayyad Da'ud	696–721	1296–1322
	al-Mujahid ^cAli	721–64	1322–63
	al-Afdal al-^cAbbas	764–78	1363–77
	al-Ashraf Isma^cil I	778–803	1377–1400
	al-Nasir Ahmad	803–27	1400–1424
	al-Mansur ^cAbdullah	827–30	1424–27
	al-Ashraf Isma^cil II	830–31	1427–28
	al-Zahir Yahya	831–42	1428–39
	al-Ashraf Isma^cil III	842–45	1439–42
	al-Muzaffar Yusuf II	845	1442

Tahirid (Yemen)		850–923	1446–1517

Rassid Zaydi Imams		246–680	860–1281

Qasimid Zaydi Imams		1000–1382	1592–1962
	al-Qasim al-Mansur	1000–1029	1592–1620
	Muhammad al-Mu'ayyad I	1029–54	1620–44
	Isma^cil al-Mutawakkil	1054–87	1644–76
	Muhammad al-Mu'ayyad II	1087–92	1676–81
	Muhammad al-Hadi	1092–97	1681–86
	Muhammad al-Mahdi	1097–1128	1686–1716
	al-Qasim al-Mutawakkil	1128–39	1716–26
	al-Husayn al-Mansur (1st reign)	1139	1726
	Muhammad al-Hadi al-Majid	1139–40	1726–28
	al-Husayn al-Mansur (2nd reign)	1140–60	1728–47
	al-^cAbbas al-Mahdi	1160–90	1747–76
	^cAli al-Mansur (1st reign)	1190–1221	1776–1806
	Ahmad al-Mahdi	1221	1806
	^cAli al-Mansur (2nd reign)
	al-Qasim al-Mahdi	1257–61	1841–45
	Muhammad Yahya	1261–89	1845–72
	[Ottoman occupation	1289–1308	1872–90]
	Hamid al-Din Yahya	1308–22	1890–1904
	Yahya Mahmud al-Mutawakkil	1322–67	1904–48
	Sayf al-Islam Ahmad	1367–82	1948–62
	Muhammad Badr	1382	1962

al-Bu-Sa^cid		1154–	1741–

Rashidid		1248–1342	1832–1923

al-Sa^cud		1159–	1746–
	Muhammad ibn Sa^cud	1159–79	1746–65
	^cAbd al-^cAziz I	1179–1218	1765–1803
	Sa^cud ibn ^cAbd al-^cAziz	1218–29	1803–14
	^cAbdullah I ibn Sa^cud	1229–33	1814–18
	[Ottoman occupation	1233–38	1818–22]
	Turki	1238–49	1823–34
	Faysal I (1st reign)	1249–53	1834–37
	Khalid ibn Sa^cud	1253–57	1837–41
	^cAbdullah II ibn Thunayyan	1257–59	1841–43
	Faysal I (2nd reign)	1259–82	1843–65
	^cAbdullah III ibn Faysal (1st reign)	1282–87	1865–71
	Sa^cud ibn Faysal	1287–91	1871–74
	^cAbdullah III ibn Faysal (2nd reign)	1291–1305	1874–87
	^cAbd al-Rahman ibn Faysal (Rashid gov)	1305–8	1887–91
	Rashidi occupation of Riyadh	1308–19	1891–1902
	^cAbd al-^cAziz II	1319–73	1902–53
	Sa^cud	1373–84	1953–64
	Faysal II	1384–95	1964–75
	Khalid	1395–1402	1975–1982
	Fahd	1402–	1982–





Dynasty	Ruler	Muslim dates A.H.	Christian dates A.D.

Hamdanid—Mosul		317–391	927–1000
	Nasir al-Dawla al-Hasan	317–58	929–69
	^cUddat al-Dawla Abu Taghlib	358–79	969–89
	Ibrahim / al-Husayn (joint rule)	379–91	989–1000

Hamdanid—Aleppo		333–394	945–1004
	Sayf al-Dawla ^cAli I	333–56	945–67
	Sa^cd al-Dawla Sharif I	356–81	967–91
	Sa^cid al-Dawla Sa^cid	381–92	991–1002
	^cAli II	392–94	1002–4
	Sharif II	394	1004

Mirdasid		414–472	1023–1079

^cUqaylid		380–489	990–1096

Marwanid		372–478	983–1085

Mazyadid		350–545	961–1150

Inalid		490–579	1096–1183





Dynasty	Ruler	Muslim dates A.H.	Christian dates A.D.

Sajid		266–318	879–930

Musafirid (or Sallarid or Kangarid)		304–483	916–1090

Rawwadid		4th century–463	10th century–1071

Sharwan Shahs—First Dynasty		183–381	799–991

Sharwan Shahs—Second Dynasty		418–455	1027–1063

Sharwan Shahs—Fourth Dynasty		1180–1236	1766–1821

Shaddadid		340–571	951–1174

Dabuyid		40–142	660–760

Bawandid—Ka'usiya line		45–466	665–1074

Bawandid—Ispahbadiya line		466–606	1074–1210

Bawandid—Kinkhwariya line		635–750	1238–1349

Baduspanid		40–1006	665–1599

Zaydi ^cAlid (Tabaristan)		250–316	864–928





Dynasty	Ruler	Muslim dates A.H.	Christian dates A.D.

Tahirid		205–259	821–873
	Tahir I ibn al-Husayn	205–7	821–22
	Talha	207–13	822–28
	^cAbdullah	213–30	828–45
	Tahir II	230–48	845–62
	Muhammad	248–59	862–73

Samanid		204–395	819–1005
	Ahmad I ibn Asad ibn Saman	204–50	819–64
	Nasr I ibn Ahmad	250–79	864–92
	Isma^cil I ibn Ahmad	279–95	892–907
	Ahmad II ibn Isma^cil	295–301	907–14
	al-Amir al-Sa^cid Nasr II	301–31	914–43
	al-Amir al-Hamid Nuh I	331–43	943–54
	al-Amir al-Mu'ayyad ^cAbd al-Malik I	343–50	954–61
	al-Amir al-Sadid Mansur I	350–65	961–76
	al-Amir al-Rida Nuh II	365–87	976–97
	Mansur II	387–89	997–99
	^cAbd al-Malik II	389–90	999–1000
	Isma^cil II al-Muntasir	390–95	1000–1005

Saffarid		253–ca. 900	867–ca. 1495
	Ya^cqub ibn Layth al-Saffar	253–65	867–79
	^cAmr ibn Layth	265–88	879–901
	Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn ^cAmr	288–96	901–8
	Layth ibn ^cAli	296–98	908–10
	Muhammad ibn ^cAli	298	910

Buyid—Iraq		334–447	945–1055
	Mu^cizz al-Dawla Ahmad	334–56	945–67
	^cIzz al-Dawla Bakhtiyar	356–67	967–78
	^cAdud al-Dawla Fana-Khusraw	367–72	978–82
	Samsam al-Dawla Marzuban	372–76	983–87
	Sharaf al-Dawla Shirzil	376–79	987–89
	Baha' al-Dawla Firuz	379–403	989–1012
	Sultan al-Dawla	403–12	1012–21
	Musharrif al-Dawla	412–16	1021–25
	Jalal al-Dawla Shirzil	416–35	1025–44
	^cImad al-Din al-Marzuban	435–40	1044–48
	al-Malik al-Rahim Khusraw-Firuz	440–47	1048–55

Buyid—Fars and Khuzistan		322–454	934–1062
	^cImad al-Dawla ^cAli	322–38	934–49
	^cAdud al-Dawla Fana-Khusraw	338–72	949–83
	Sharaf al-Dawla Shirzil	372–80	983–90
	Samsam al-Dawla Marzuban	380–88	990–98
	Baha' al-Dawla Firuz	388–403	998–1012
	Sultan al-Dawla	403–12	1012–21
	Musharrif al-Dawla Hasan	412–15	1021–24
	^cImad al-Din Marzuban	415–40	1024–48
	al-Malik al-Rahim Khusraw-Firuz	440–47	1048–55
	Fulad-Sutun (Fars only)	447–54	1055–62

Buyid—Kirman		324–440	936–1048
	Mu^cizz al-Dawla Ahmad	324–38	936–49
	^cAdud al-Dawla Fana-Khusraw	338–72	949–83
	Samsam al-Dawla Marzuban	372–88	983–98
	Baha' al-Dawla Firuz	388–403	998–1012
	Qawam al-Dawla	403–19	1012–28
	^cImad al-Din Marzuban	419–40	1028–48

Buyid—Jibal		320–366	932–977
	^cImad al-Dawla ^cAli	320–35	932–47
	Rukn al-Dawla Hasan	335–66	947–77

Buyid—Hamadan and Isfahan		366–419	977–1028
	Mu'ayyid al-Dawla Buya	366–73	977–83
	Fakhr al-Dawla ^cAli	373–87	983–97
	Shams al-Dawla	387–412	997–1021
	Sama' al-Dawla	412–ca. 419	1021–ca. 1028

Buyid—Rayy		366–420	977–1029
	Fakhr al-Dawla ^cAli	366–87	977–97
	Majd al-Dawla Rustam	387–420	997–1029

Buyid—^cUman		363–388	974–998

Dulafid		210–284	825–898

Banijurid		233–237	848–948

Qarakhanid		382–607	992–1222

Khwarazmshah—Afrighid		?–385	?–995

Khwarazmshah—Ma'munids		385–408	995–1017

Khwarazmshah—Governors		408–425	1017–1034

Khwarazmshah—Anushtigin line		470–624	1077–1231
	Anushtigin Gharcha'i	ca. 470–90	ca. 1077–97
	[Turkish governor	490	1097]
	Qutb al-Din Muhammad	490–521	1097–1127
	^cAla' al-Din Atsiz	521–51	1127–56
	Il-Arslan	551–67	1156–72
	^cAla' al-Din Tekish	567	1172
	[Rival ruler	567–89	1172–93]
	^cAla' al-Din Muhammad	596–617	1200–1220
	Jalal al-Din	617–28	1220–31

Ziyarid		315–483	927–1090

Hasanwayhid		348–405	959–1014

Ilyasid		320–357	932–968

Kakuyid		398–443	1008–1051





Dynasty	Ruler	Muslim dates A.H.	Christian dates A.D.

Great Seljuq		429–552	1037–1157
	Rukn al-Dunya wa-l-Din Toghril I (Tughril)	429–55	1038–63
	^cAdud al-Dawla Alp-Arslan	455–65	1063–72
	Jalal al-Dawla Malik Shah I	465–85	1072–92
	Nasir al-Din Mahmud I	485–87	1092–94
	Rukn al-Din Berk-yaruq (Barkiyaruq)	487–98	1094–1105
	Mu^cizz al-Din Malik Shah II	498	1105
	Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad I	498–511	1105–18
	Mu^cizz al-Din Sanjar	511–52	1118–57

Seljuq—Iraq		511–590	1117–1194

Seljuq—Syria		471–511	1078–1117

Seljuq—Kirman		433–583	1041–1187

Seljuq—Rum: see below under Asia Minor

Burid		497–549	1104–1154

Zangid—Mosul		521–619	1127–1222
	^cImad al-Din Zangi ibn Aq Sonqur	521–41	1127–46
	Sayf al-Din Ghazi I	541–44	1146–49
	Qutb al-Din Mawdud	544–64	1149–69
	Sayf al-Din Ghazi II	564–72	1169–76
	^cIzz al-Din Mas^cud I	572–89	1176–93
	Nur al-Din Arslan Shah I	589–607	1193–1211
	^cIzz al-Din Mas^cud II	607–15	1211–18
	Nur al-Din Arslan Shah II	615–16	1218–19
	Nasir al-Din Mahmud	616–19	1219–22

Zangid—Aleppo		541–577	1146–1181
	Nur al-Din Mahmud ibn Zangi	541–69	1146–74
	Nur al-Din Isma^cil	569–77	1174–81

Zangid—Sinjar		566–617	1170–1220

Zangid—Jazira		576–648	1180–1250

Begteginid		539–630	1145–1233

Artugid—Hisn Kayfa line		491–629	1098–1232

Artugid—Mardin line		497–811	1104–1408

Suqman Shahs		493–604	1100–1207

Eldeguzid		531–622	1136–1225

Salghurid		543–668	1148–1270

Fadlawayhid		448–718	1056–1318

Hazaraspid		550–827	1155–1424

Qutlugh Khans		619–706	1222–1306





Dynasty	Ruler	Muslim dates A.H.	Christian dates A.D.

Seljuq—Rum		470–707	1077–1307
	Sulayman ibn Qutlumush	470–79	1077–86
	[Interregnum	479–85	1086–92
	Qilich Arslan I	485–500	1092–1107
	Malik Shah	500–510	1107–16
	Rukn al-Din Mas^cud I	510–51	1116–56
	^cIzz al-Din Qilich Arslan II	551–88	1156–92
	Ghiyath al-Din Kay Khusraw I (1st reign)	588–92	1192–96
	Rukn al-Din Sulayman II	592–600	1196–1204
	^cIzz al-Din Qilich Arslan III	600–601	1204
	Ghiyath al-Din Kay Khusraw I (2nd reign)	601–7	1204–10
	^cIzz al-Din Kay Ka'us I	607–16	1210–19
	^cAla' al-Din Kay Qubadh I	616–34	1219–37
	Ghiyath al-Din Kay Khusraw II	634–44	1237–46
	^cIzz al-Din Kay Ka'us II	644–46	1246–48
	Kay Ka'us II / Rukn al-Din Qilich Arslan IV (joint rule)	646–47	1248–49
	Kay Ka'us II / Qilich Arslan IV / ^cAla' al-Din Kay Qubadh II (joint rule)	647–55	1249–57
	Qilich Arslan IV	655–63	1257–65
	Ghiyath al-Din Kay Khusraw III	663–81	1265–82
	Ghiyath al-Din Mas^cud II (1st reign)	681–83	1282–84
	^cAla' al-Din Kay Qubadh III (1st reign)	683	1284
	Ghiyath al-Din Mas^cud II (2nd reign)	683–92	1284–93
	^cAla' al-Din Kay Qubadh III (2nd reign)	692–93	1293–94
	Ghiyath al-Din Mas^cud II (3rd reign)	693–700	1294–1301
	^cAla' al-Din Kay Qubadh III (3rd reign)	700–702	1301–3
	Ghiyath al-Din Mas^cud II (4th reign)	702–4	1303–5
	^cAla' al-Din Kay Qubadh III (4th reign)	704–7	1305–7
	Ghiyath al-Din Mas^cud III	707	1307

Menqüchekid		464–ca. 650	1071–1252

Danishmandid		464–573	1071–1177

Isfendiyarid		690–866	1291–1461

Saru Khanid		700–813	1300–1410

Aydinid		708–829	1308–1425

Germiyandid		699–832	1300–1429

Hamidid		700–826	1239–1423

Menteshadid		700–829	1300–1426

Eretnaid		736–782	1335–1380

Ramadanid		780–819	1378–1416

Dhu-l-Qadrid		738–928	1337–1552

Karamanid		654–888	1256–1483

Ottoman		680–1342	1281–1924
	Ertugrul	ca. 679–80	ca. 1280–81
	Osman	680–724	1281–1324
	Orhan	724–61	1324–60
	Murad I	761–91	1360–89
	Bayezid I	791–805	1389–1403
	[Interregnum	805–16	1403–13]
	Mehmet I Chelebi	816–24	1413–21
	Murad II (1st reign)	824–48	1421–44
	Mehmet II Fatih (1st reign)	848–50	1444–46
	Murad II (2nd reign)	850–55	1446–51
	Mehmet II Fatih (2nd reign)	855–86	1451–81
	Bayezid II	886–918	1481–1512
	Selim I Yavuz	918–26	1512–20
	Süleyman I Kanuni	926–74	1520–66
	Selim II	974–82	1566–74
	Murad III	982–1003	1575–95
	Mehmet III	1003–12	1595–1603
	Ahmed I	1012–26	1603–17
	Mustafa I (1st reign)	1026–27	1617–18
	Osman II	1027–31	1618–22
	Mustafa I (2nd reign)	1031–32	1622–23
	Murad IV	1032–49	1623–40
	Ibrahim	1049–58	1640–48
	Mehmet IV	1058–99	1648–87
	Süleyman II	1099–1102	1687–91
	Ahmed II	1102–6	1691–95
	Mustafa II	1106–15	1695–1703
	Ahmed III	1115–43	1703–30
	Mahmud I	1143–68	1730–54
	Osman III	1168–71	1754–57
	Mustafa III	1171–87	1757–74
	^cAbdülhamid I	1187–1203	1774–89
	Selim III	1203–22	1789–1807
	Mustafa IV	1222–23	1807–8
	Mahmud II	1223–55	1808–39
	^cAbdülmecid I	1255–77	1839–61
	^cAbdüleziz	1277–93	1861–76
	Murad V	1293	1876
	^cAbdülhamid II	1293–1327	1876–1909
	Mehmet V Reshad	1327–36	1909–18
	Mehmet VI	1336–41	1918–22
	^cAbdülmecid II (caliph only)	1341–42	1922–24

Kšprülü Wazirs		1066–1122	1656–1710
	Mehmet Pasha	1066–72	1656–61
	Fazil Ahmed Pasha	1072–87	1661–76
	Kara Mustafa Pasha (by marriage)	1087–95	1676–83
	Fazil Mustafa Pasha	1101–2	1689–91
	Hüseyin Pasha	1109–14	1697–1702
	Nu^cman Pasha	1122	1710





Dynasty	Ruler	Muslim dates A.H.	Christian dates A.D.

Great Mongols		603–1043	1206–1634

Ilkhanid		654–754	1256–1353
	Hülegü	654–63	1256–65
	Abaqa	663–80	1265–82
	Ahmad Tegüder	680–83	1282–84
	Arghun	683–90	1284–91
	Gaykhatu	690–94	1291–95
	Baydu	694	1295
	Mahmud Ghazan	694–703	1295–1304
	Muhammad Khudabanda Öljeytü (Uljaytu)	703–16	1304–17
	Abu Sa^cid	716–36	1317–35
	Arpa	736–37	1335–36
	Musa	737	1336
	Rival khans	736–54	1336–53

Golden Horde		621–760	1224–1359

White Horde		623–831	1226–1428

Chaghatayid		624–771	1227–1370

Khans of Kazan		841–959	1438–1552

Khans of Kasimof		854–1089	1450–1678

Khans of Crimea		823–1197	1420–1783





Dynasty	Ruler	Muslim dates A.H.	Christian dates A.D.

Jalayirid		736–835	1336–1432

Muzaffarid		713–795	1314–1393

Injuid		703–758	1303–1357

Sarbadarid		758–781	1357–1379

Karts		643–791	1245–1389

Qara Quyunlu		782–873	1380–1468

Aq Quyunlu		780–914	1378–1508

Safavid		907–1145	1501–1732
	Isma^cil I	907–30	1501–24
	Tahmasp I	930–84	1524–76
	Isma^cil II	984–85	1576–78
	Muhammad Khudabanda	985–96	1578–88
	^cAbbas I	996–1038	1587–1629
	Safi I	1038–52	1629–42
	^cAbbas II	1052–77	1642–66
	Sulayman I (Safi II)	1077–1105	1666–94
	Husayn I	1105–35	1694–1722
	Tahmasp II	1135–45	1722–32
	^cAbbas III	1145–63	1732–49
	Sulayman II	1163	1749–50
	Isma^cil III	1163–66	1750–53
	Husayn II	1166–1200	1753–86
	Muhammad	1200	1786

Afsharid		1148–1210	1736–1795
	Nadir Shah (Tahmasp Quli Khan)	1148–60	1736–47
	cAdil Shah (cAli Quli Khan)	1160–61	1747–48
	Ibrahim	1161	1748
	Shah Rukh (in Khorasan)	1161–1210	1748–95

Zand		1163–1209	1750–1794
	Muhammad Karim Khan	1163–93	1750–79
	Abu-l-Fath / Muhammad ^cAli (joint rulers)	1193	1779
	Sadiq (in Shiraz)	1193–95	1779–81
	^cAli Murad (in Isfahan)	1193–99	1779–85
	Ja^cfar	1199–1203	1785–89
	Lutf ^cAli	1203–9	1789–94

Qajar		1193–1342	1779–1924
	Agha Muhammad	1193–1212	1779–97
	Fath ^cAli Shah	1212–50	1797–1834
	Muhammad	1250–64	1834–48
	Nasir al-Din	1264–1313	1848–96
	Muzaffar al-Din	1313–24	1896–1907
	Muhammad ^cAli	1324–27	1907–9
	Ahmad	1327–42	1909–24



Dynasty	Ruler	Muslim dates A.H.	Christian dates A.D.

Timurid		771–912	1370–1507
	Timur	771–807	1370–1405
	Khalil	807–12	1405–9
	Shah Rukh	807–50	1405–47
	Ulugh Beg	850–53	1447–49
	^cAbd al-Latif	853–54	1449–50
	^cAbdullah	854–55	1450–51
	Abu Sa^cid	855–73	1451–69
	Ahmad	873–99	1469–94
	Mahmud ibn Abi Sa^cid	899–906	1494–1500

Shaybanid		905–1007	1500–1598

Janid		1009–1199	1559–1785

Mangit		1170–1339	1757–1920

Khans of Khiva		921–1290	1515–1872

Ghaznavid		366–582	977–1186
	Nasir al-Dawla Sebüktigin	366–87	977–97
	Isma^cil	387–88	997–98
	Mahmud	388–421	998–1030
	Muhammad (1st reign)	421	1030–31
	Mas^cud I	421–32	1031–41
	Muhammad (2nd reign)	432	1041
	Shihab al-Dawla Mawdud	432–41	1041–50
	Mas^cud II	441	1050
	^cAli	441	1050
	^cAbd al-Rashid	441–44	1050–53
	Qawam al-Dawla Toghril (usurper)	444	1053
	Farrukhzad	444–51	1053–59
	Ibrahim	451–92	1059–99
	Mas^cud III	492–508	1099–1114
	Shirzad	508–9	1114–15
	Arslan Shah	509–12	1115–18
	Bahram Shah	512–47	1118–52
	Khusraw Shah	547–55	1152–60
	Khusraw Malik	555–82	1160–86

Ghurid		390–612	1000–1215